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1.
Arq Asma Alerg Imunol ; 7(3): 241-248, Jul.Set.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524164

ABSTRACT

A asma é uma doença heterogênea caracterizada pela história de sintomas respiratórios que variam de intensidade e ao longo do tempo. Devido à sua alta prevalência, constitui um problema mundial de saúde pública, atingindo todas as faixas etárias, em especial crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as produções científicas sobre asma baseadas no Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa incluindo os artigos originais sobre asma baseados nos dados do ERICA, publicados em periódicos indexados em inglês e português. O ERICA foi um estudo multicêntrico nacional realizado em 2013 e 2014, que investigou a prevalência de asma e fatores de risco cardiovascular, incluindo obesidade, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia, tabagismo, sedentarismo, hábitos alimentares inadequados, e a associação entre esses fatores, em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas de municípios brasileiros com mais de 100.000 habitantes. Nos cinco estudos selecionados, foi possível demonstrar que a prevalência de asma foi significativamente maior entre adolescentes do sexo feminino em todas as capitais e macrorregiões do Brasil, com predomínio da doença na região Sudeste do nosso país. Além disso, a asma esteve fortemente associada ao tabagismo (passivo e ativo) e foi associada à duração curta do sono. Por outro lado, não esteve associada com os níveis séricos de vitamina D. Em relação aos parâmetros metabólicos, foi observado que a síndrome metabólica e alguns de seus componentes, como a circunferência abdominal, estiveram significativamente associados à asma grave em adolescentes brasileiros.


Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a history of respiratory symptoms that vary in intensity and over time. Due to its high prevalence, asthma is considered a global public health problem affecting all age groups, especially children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze scientific papers on asthma based on the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). We provide a narrative review of original articles on asthma based on ERICA data published in indexed journals in English and Portuguese. ERICA was a national multicenter study conducted in 2013 and 2014 that investigated the prevalence of asthma and cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and inadequate eating habits, and the association between these factors in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, students from public and private schools in Brazilian cities of more than 100,000 population. In the 5 selected studies, the prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in female adolescents in all capitals and macro-regions of Brazil, occurring predominantly in the southeast region of the country. In addition, asthma was strongly associated with smoking (passive and active) as well as with short sleep duration, but not with serum vitamin D levels. Regarding metabolic parameters, metabolic syndrome and some of its components, such as waist circumference, were significantly associated with severe asthma in Brazilian adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Multicenter Studies as Topic
2.
Arq Asma Alerg Imunol ; 7(3): 249-258, Jul.Set.2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524165

ABSTRACT

A urticária é uma doença com comprometimento universal, e debilitante para a maioria dos pacientes. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de episódios de urticas, angioedema ou ambos, determinados pela ativação de mastócitos e outras células inflamatórias com a liberação de vários mediadores. Apresenta etiologia complexa com fenótipos e terapias bem específicas. A urticária crônica possui evolução recorrente e imprevisível, podendo estender-se por anos. Caracteristicamente possui maior prevalência no sexo feminino, com pico de ocorrência entre 20 e 40 anos. A doença pode ser diferenciada pela gravidade, impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e resposta terapêutica. Biomarcador é uma característica clínica ou laboratorial mensurável de algum estado ou condição biológica, o qual pode influenciar ou prever a incidência de desfecho ou doença. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão dos principais biomarcadores promissores e com melhor evidência relacionados à duração, atividade da doença e resposta terapêutica.


Urticaria is a disease of global importance that can be debilitating for most patients. It is characterized by episodes of wheals, angioedema, or both, determined by the activation of mast cells and other inflammatory cells with the release of several mediators. The etiology is complex, involving specific phenotypes and therapies. Chronic urticaria has a recurrent and unpredictable course that can last for years. The prevalence is typically higher in females, with a peak incidence between 20 and 40 years of age. The disease can be classified by severity, impact on quality of life, and therapeutic response. A biomarker is a measurable clinical or laboratory characteristic of a biological state or condition that can influence or predict the incidence of outcome or disease. This study provides a review of the main biomarkers considered promising and with the best evidence related to duration, disease activity, and therapeutic response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cyclosporine , PubMed , Omalizumab , LILACS , Histamine Antagonists
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 97(2): 173-178, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374252

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The prevalence of atopic eczema is unknown in many countries. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is an epidemiological landmark in the study of allergic diseases. Objective To validate and assess the reproducibility of the ISAAC Written Atopic Eczema Questionnaire (WAEQ) for children aged between 6 and 7 years by telephone contact. Methods Observational study through interviews with guardians of children aged 6 to 7 years using the ISAAC atopic eczema module questionnaire in three different phases separated by 2 weeks: telephone interviews in the first and third contacts and in-person interviews under supervision in the second contact. Reproducibility was estimated using the Kappa index and validation using the sensitivity and specificity coefficients. Results Data from 88 children (32 from the atopic eczema group) were analyzed. Reproducibility showed almost perfect agreement for the questions "Recurrent pruritic lesions" and "Lesions in typical locations" (Kappa between 0.81-0.82), while a substantial agreement was observed for all other indicators (Kappa variation between 0.66 and 0.78). The validation showed high specificity (≥ 80.4%) and sensitivity (≥ 87.5%) for all questions, except those related to chronicity and medical diagnosis (34.4% and 40.6%, respectively). Study limitations Non-random selection, no sample size calculation, participants from a tertiary hospital and study period coincident with the Coronavirus pandemic. Conclusions Our results showed that the ISAAC atopic eczema module questionnaire by telephone interviews has good reproducibility and high agreement with the clinical diagnosis of atopic eczema. It may be an appropriate alternative tool in epidemiological studies of childhood atopic eczema, especially in periods of social isolation.

7.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(1): 4-48, jan.mar.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400091

ABSTRACT

A alergia ocular, também conhecida como conjuntivite alérgica (CA), é uma reação de hipersensibilidade mediada por imunoglobulina E (IgE) do olho desencadeada por aeroalérgenos, principalmente ácaros da poeira doméstica e pólen de gramíneas. Os sintomas geralmente consistem em prurido ocular ou periocular, lacrimejamento e olhos vermelhos que podem estar presentes durante todo o ano ou sazonalmente. A alergia ocular tem frequência elevada, é subdiagnosticada e pode ser debilitante para o paciente. É potencialmente danosa para a visão, nos casos em que ocasiona cicatrização corneana grave, e na maioria dos pacientes associa-se a outros quadros alérgicos, principalmente rinite, asma e dermatite atópica. É classificada em conjuntivite alérgica perene, conjuntivite alérgica sazonal, ceratoconjuntivite atópica e ceratoconjuntivite vernal. O diagnóstico procura evidenciar o agente etiológico e a confirmação se dá pela realização do teste de provocação conjuntival. O tratamento baseia-se em evitar o contato com os desencadeantes, lubrificação, anti-histamínicos tópicos, estabilizadores de mastócitos, imunossupressores e imunoterapia específica com o objetivo de obter o controle e prevenir as complicações da doença.


Ocular allergy, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, is an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the eye triggered by airborne allergens, primarily house dust mites and grass pollen. Symptoms usually consist of ocular or periocular itching, watery eyes, and red eyes that may be present year-round or seasonally. Ocular allergy has a high frequency, is underdiagnosed, and can be debilitating for the patient. It is potentially harmful to vision in cases of severe corneal scarring, and in most patients, it is associated with other allergic conditions, especially rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. It is classified as perennial allergic conjunctivitis, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Diagnosis seeks to identify the etiologic agent, and confirmation is given by conjunctival provocation testing. Treatment is based on avoiding contact with triggers, lubrication, topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, immunosuppressants, and specific immunotherapy with the aim of achieving control and preventing disease complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Conjunctivitis, Allergic , Diagnosis , Keratoconjunctivitis , Patients , Plants, Medicinal , Pruritus , Psychotherapy , Asthma , Signs and Symptoms , Societies, Medical , Vision, Ocular , Climate Change , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/complications , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Complementary Therapies , Immunoglobulin E , Serologic Tests , Skin Tests , Allergens , Rhinitis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , Probiotics , Acupuncture , Pyroglyphidae , Dermatitis, Atopic , Environmental Pollution , Allergy and Immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Omalizumab , Mast Cell Stabilizers , Histamine Antagonists , Hypersensitivity , Immunosuppressive Agents , Immunotherapy , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Mites
8.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 98(1): 53-59, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360559

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular risks, including metabolic syndrome and their components in Brazilian adolescents. Method: This study used data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA), a nationwide, cross-sectional, school-based study with individuals aged 12-17 years. Sociodemographic variables and OC use were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. International Diabetes Federation criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome. Descriptive statistics were reported as prevalence and their respective confidence interval of 95% of oral contraceptives according to variables. Logistic regression was performed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Results: This subsample was composed of 22,682 female adolescents, of which 12.65% reported using oral contraceptives and their use was associated with hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, school region, race, and tobacco use with an increase of 2.68 (1.66 - 4.32) and 3.45 (2.56 - 4.65) times, respectively. Conclusion: The present study was the first to examine the association between the use of oral contraceptives and cardiovascular risk factors among the largest number of female Brazilian adolescents. This method was significantly associated with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia. Teenagers using oral contraceptives should be monitored for side effects, including blood pressure measurements and advised to avoid smoking.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects , Heart Disease Risk Factors
9.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 5(4): 322-345, out.dez.2021. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399777

ABSTRACT

Exacerbação aguda de asma é uma condição frequente na criança e no adolescente e uma das causas mais comuns de procura aos pronto atendimentos e de internações. Pode ocorrer em pacientes que ainda não foram diagnosticados como asmáticos, e mesmo naqueles cujo controle da doença não se encontre adequado. Reconhecer a exacerbação e iniciar seu tratamento desde o domicílio até o adequado manejo inicial em ambiente hospitalar é fundamental para evitar sua evolução para complicações que coloquem o paciente em risco de vida. O tratamento compreende o reconhecimento e tratamento da hipoxemia, da obstrução e do processo inflamatório, além de fornecer orientações na alta hospitalar e encaminhamentos para continuidade do tratamento.


Acute exacerbation of asthma is a frequent condition in children and adolescents and one of the most common causes of seeking emergency care and hospitalization. It can occur in patients who have not yet been diagnosed with asthma, and even in those whose disease control is not adequate. Recognizing the exacerbation and starting its treatment from home until proper initial management in a hospital environment is essential to avoid its evolution to complications that put the patient at risk of life. Treatment comprises the recognition and treatment of hypoxemia, obstruction, and the inflammatory process, in addition to providing guidance at hospital discharge and referrals for continued treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Asthma , Societies, Medical , Therapeutics , Allergy and Immunology , Patients , Pediatrics , Referral and Consultation , Theophylline , Bronchial Spasm , Epinephrine , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Ipratropium , Anesthetics, Inhalation , Emergency Medical Services , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists , Noninvasive Ventilation , Aminophylline , Hospitalization , Ketamine , Magnesium Sulfate , Hypoxia , Anti-Bacterial Agents
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(4): 396-401, July-Aug. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287044

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between asthma and sleep duration in participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents. Materials and methods Cross-sectional, national, school-based study, involving adolescents aged 12-17 years. In the period between 2013−14, data from 59,442 participants were analyzed. Bivariate analysis between current asthma and short sleep duration, defined as < 7 h/night, was performed separately with the other variables analyzed: sex, age group, type of school, weight categories, and common mental disorders. Then, different generalized linear models with Poisson family and logarithmic link functions were used to assess the independence of potential confounding covariates associated with both asthma and short sleep duration in the previous analysis. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses performed. Results Prevalence of current asthma was 13.4%, being significantly higher among students with short sleep duration (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35; p = 0.034). This remained significant even after adjusting for the other study covariates. Conclusion There was a positive association between the prevalence of current asthma and short sleep duration among Brazilian adolescents. Considering the high prevalence and morbidity of the disease in this age group, the promotion of sleep hygiene should be considered as a possible health strategy aimed at contributing to better control of asthma in this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Sleep , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136774

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Asthma and obesity are prevalent and interrelated diseases. In the pediatric population, the effect of systemic inflammation associated to obesity, leading to inflammation of the airways, is currently controversial. Our aim was to compare inflammatory, clinical and spirometric patterns between children with asthma and obesity and those within the normal weight status range. Methods: A total of 79 boys and girls from 6 to 10 years old were selected and divided into four groups: obese asthmatics, non-obese asthmatics, obese non-asthmatics, and non-obese non-asthmatics. In addition to collecting clinical and anthropometric data, all children underwent spirometry and skin prick tests for inhalant allergens. Blood samples for measurement of cytokines and adipokines were also collected. Results: Obese asthmatics had significantly worse control of asthma than non-obese asthmatics (OR 4.9; 95%CI 1.1‒22.1), regardless of sex, physical activity and atopy. No differences in spirometry, Th1 and Th2 cytokines and adipokines levels were observed among the four groups. The prick tests were positive in 81.8 and 80% of non-obese asthmatics and obese asthmatics, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of control of asthma was significantly lower in the obese group, regardless of the findings of no differences in spirometry. Extra-pulmonary factors could be responsible for this symptomatic profile. High positivity of skin test in both groups, which is considered a good marker of atopy, shows a preponderant atopic component in the genesis of asthma, both in children with obesity and in those within the normal weight status.


RESUMO Objetivo: A asma e a obesidade são doenças prevalentes e inter-relacionadas. Na população pediátrica, o efeito da inflamação sistêmica associada à obesidade, levando à inflamação das vias aéreas, é controverso. Nosso objetivo foi comparar padrões inflamatórios, clínicos e espirométricos entre crianças obesas e aquelas com peso normal. Métodos: Setenta e nove meninos e meninas de 6‒10 anos de idade foram selecionados e divididos em quatro grupos: asmáticos obesos, asmáticos não obesos, não asmáticos obesos e não asmáticos não obesos. Além de dados clínicos e antropométricos, todas as crianças foram submetidas a espirometria e testes cutâneos para alérgenos inalantes. Também foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de citocinas e adipocinas. Resultados: Obesos asmáticos tiveram um controle significativamente pior da asma do que os não obesos (RP 4,9; IC95% 1,1‒22,1), independentemente do sexo, atividade física e atopia. Não foram observadas diferenças nos níveis de espirometria, citocinas Th1 e Th2 e adipocinas entre os quatro grupos. Os testes cutâneos foram positivos em 81,8 e 80% dos não obesos asmáticos e obesos asmáticos, respectivamente. Conclusões: O grau de controle da asma foi significativamente menor no grupo obeso, apesar de não ter havido diferenças nos achados espirométricos. Esse resultado sugere que fatores extrapulmonares podem ser responsáveis por esse perfil sintomático. A alta positividade do teste cutâneo nos dois grupos, considerado um bom marcador de atopia, demonstrou o componente atópico como preponderante na gênese da asma, tanto em crianças com obesidade quanto naquelas com peso normal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Asthma/complications , Spirometry/statistics & numerical data , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/blood , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Pediatric Obesity/blood
12.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 4(4): 447-457, out.dez.2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1382050

ABSTRACT

Background: The costs of chronic urticaria (CU) are unknown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to describe the costs associated with the treatment of CU. Methods: This longitudinal, descriptive study recruited patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and/or chronic inducible urticaria, who attended at least 4 visits to a specialized outpatient clinic within a 12-month period. Patients with other skin diseases and those who discontinued treatment were excluded. Patients underwent a provocation test and an objective evaluation, before receiving treatment according to the most recent guidelines. Data on direct and indirect costs of treatment were collected at each visit, and analyzed using Chisquare tests, the Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-tests, Tukey post-hoc tests and Wilcoxon tests. A p-value of 5% was considered significant. Results: From November 2016 to December 2018, 55 out of 68 enrolled patients completed the protocol. The cost of absenteeism was US$ 21,125.84 and that of transportation was US$ 3,755.69. The total indirect cost of CU was US$ 24,881.53 (US$ 452.39 per patient-year; SD, 461.11). The cost of medical appointments was US$ 3,838.17, and that of laboratory tests, US$ 6,607.39. The total cost of medications was US$ 174,697.58, of which US$ 141,582.91 was associated with the use of omalizumab in 12 patients. The total direct cost of CU was US$ 185,143.14 (US$ 3,366.23 per patient-year; SD, 6,446.58), resulting in an overall annual cost of US$ 210,024.67 (US$ 3,818.63 per patient-year). The higher the household income, the higher the costs of CU treatment. Conclusion: CU had a significant cost to the study population. The total estimated mean cost of illness was US$ 3,818.63 patient-year. The cost of medication was significantly increased by the use of omalizumab, an effective option for patients with CU refractory to high-dose antihistamine therapy, but a major contributor to the economic burden of patients with CU.


Introdução: Os custos da urticária crônica (UC) são desconhecidos no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os custos relacionados ao seu tratamento. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal descritivo de pacientes com urticária crônica espontânea e/ou urticária crônica induzível, que compareceram a pelo menos quatro consultas em um ambulatório especializado em um período de 12 meses. Foram excluídos aqueles com outras doenças de pele e que interromperam o tratamento. Os pacientes foram submetidos a testes de provocação, avaliação objetiva e tratamento de acordo com as diretrizes mais recentes. Dados sobre custos diretos e indiretos do tratamento foram coletados em cada visita. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Anova, t-pareado, post-hoc Tukey, e Wilcoxon's. Foi considerado significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: De novembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018, 55 pacientes dos 68 inscritos completaram o protocolo. O custo do absenteísmo foi de US$ 21.125,84, e o transporte, de US$ 3.755,69. O custo indireto total foi de US$ 24.881,53 (US$ 452,39 paciente-ano; DP ± 61,11). As despesas com consultas foram de US$ 3.838,17, e o custo total de exames laboratoriais foi de US$ 6.607,39. O custo total com medicamentos foi de US$ 174.697,58, dos quais US$ 141.582,91 relacionados ao uso de omalizumabe em 12 pacientes. O custo direto total foi de US$ 185.143,12 (US$ 3.366,23 por paciente-ano, DP ± 6.446,58), resultando em um custo anual global relacionado à doença de US$ 210.024,67 (US$ 3.818,63 paciente-ano). Quanto maior a renda familiar, maiores os custos com a urticária crônica. Conclusão: A UC tem um custo significativo para a população do estudo. O custo médio total estimado foi de US$ 3.818,63 paciente-ano. Os altos custos com medicamentos, aumentados pelo uso do omalizumabe, que é uma opção eficaz em pacientes com altas doses de anti-histamínicos, resultam na maior carga econômica entre os pacientes com UC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Expenditures , Omalizumab , Chronic Urticaria , Histamine Antagonists , Patients , Quality of Life , Therapeutics , Direct Service Costs , Brazil , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cost of Illness , Costs and Cost Analysis , Financial Stress , Methods
13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 95(2): 173-179, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1130863

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Polymorphisms of the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) are associated with persistent atopic dermatitis in African American patients. Filaggrin 2 is a protein with a function similar to filaggrin and also encoded in the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21. Objective: To evaluate the polymorphisms in the filaggrin 2 gene (rs 12568784 and rs 16899374) in children and adults with atopic dermatitis and to verify the association of these with the severity of the clinical picture, presence of other allergic diseases, and socio-demographic factors. Method: The study was carried out with patients and control group. Questionnaires were used to evaluate ethnicity, sex, age, family history, scoring, atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), among other parameters. Genotyping of the filaggrin 2 gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Forty-eight patients and 83 controls were evaluated. No correlation was found between the variables studied in patients with atopic dermatitis and polymorphisms, no significant difference between the prevalence of polymorphisms in the patients and in the control group p > 0.05. Study limits: The exclusive use of self-reported ethnicity information and the sample size. Results: The results of this work can be an incentive for the study of the polymorphisms in atopic dermaititis, considering the characteristic of the Brazilian multi ethnic population. Conclusion: This is an unpublished work in Brazil and the first study in the world to have a control group to evaluate alterations in the gene of filaggrin 2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , S100 Proteins/genetics , Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dermatitis, Atopic/ethnology , Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
14.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 3(4): 406-420, out.dez.2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381355

ABSTRACT

A microbiota intestinal humana influencia diversos sistemas orgânicos e há evidências de sua ação sobre o sistema imunológico. O objetivo desta revisão foi verificar a influência da microbiota intestinal humana e sua interface com o sistema imunológico. A partir das palavras-chaves gut (intestino) e microbiota (microbiota), e utilizando o operador boleano AND para correlacionar a palavra-chave com os diversos temas propostos para o artigo de revisão, como por exemplo, gut microbiota AND delivery ou gut microbiota AND mode of delivery, foram selecionados artigos obtidos da busca na base PubMed, sobretudo nos últimos 10 anos (2009-2019). Há evidências de que a janela de oportunidade para intervenção e prevenção primária das doenças alérgicas começa antes do nascimento e provavelmente dentro do período fetal, estendendo-se ao tipo de parto, alimentação nos primeiros meses de vida, fatores ambientais e uso de antibióticos. Compreender esta complexa interface que envolve, por um lado a microbiota (microrganismos e seus subprodutos) e, por outro, receptores e células especializadas, é fundamental para o entendimento dos mecanismos de tolerância ou desequilíbrio imunológico, os quais estão respectivamente ligados ao estado fisiológico de saúde ou aos processos patofisiológicos de diversas doenças, sobretudo aquelas de contexto imunomediado.


The human gut microbiota influences various organ systems, and there is evidence of its action on the immune system. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of the human gut microbiota and its interface with the immune system. The PubMed database was searched for articles published from 2009 to 2019 using the keywords "gut" and "microbiota". The Boolean operator AND was used to combine terms in the search, such as "gut microbiota AND delivery" and "gut microbiota AND mode of delivery". There is evidence that the window of opportunity for intervention and primary prevention of allergic diseases begins before birth, probably within the fetal period, and includes mode of delivery, early infant feeding, environmental factors, and antibiotic use. Understanding the complex interface that involves, on the one hand, the microbiota (microorganisms and their by-products) and, on the other hand, specialized receptors and cells is essential for understanding the mechanisms of tolerance and immune imbalance, which are respectively linked to the physiological health status and to the pathophysiological processes of various diseases, especially of immune-mediated diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Microbiota , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Immune System , Health Status , Parturition , PubMed , Infant Formula , Anti-Bacterial Agents
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(5): 538-544, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040362

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between smoking and asthma, and possible associated factors in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional, national, school-based study with adolescents aged 12-17 years, participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA). A total of 66,394 participants answered a self-administered questionnaire with questions about asthma, smoking, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. Bivariate analysis between Current Asthma (CA) and Severe Asthma (SA) and the other study variables were performed using Chi-squared. Then, the crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR), and respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) of current asthma/severe asthma and smoking variables, corrected for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, were estimated using generalized linear models with Poisson regression, logit link, and robust variance. Results: The prevalence of current asthma and severe asthma were significantly higher in adolescents who were exposed to: experimentation (current asthma: PR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.51-2.09; severe asthma: PR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.35-2.98); current smoking (current asthma: PR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64; severe asthma: PR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.38-3.82); regular smoking (current asthma: PR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.64-3.07; severe asthma: PR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.23-4.73); and passive smoking (current asthma: PR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.27-1.67; severe asthma: PR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.19-2.32); these associations remained significant after adjustment. Conclusions: Asthma and smoking were significantly associated in Brazilian adolescents, regardless of the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, notably in those with more severe disease.


Resumo: Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre asma, tabagismo e possíveis fatores associados em adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, nacional, de base escolar, envolveu adolescentes com 12 a 17 anos, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). Os 66.394 participantes responderam questionários autopreenchíveis com questões sobre asma, tabagismo, estilo de vida e dados sociodemográficos. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas entre asma ativa e asma grave e demais variáveis do estudo, com o uso de χ2. Em seguida, foram estimadas as razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%), entre asma ativa/asma grave e variáveis de tabagismo, corrigidas pelas variáveis sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida, através de modelos lineares generalizados com regressão de Poisson, função de ligação logarítmica e variância robusta. Resultados: A prevalência de asma ativa e asma grave foi significativamente mais elevada naqueles expostos a experimentação (asma ativa: RP = 1,78; IC 95%: 1,51-2,09; asma grave: RP = 2,01; IC 95%: 1,35-2,98); tabagismo atual (asma ativa: RP = 2,08; IC 95%: 1,65-2,64; asma grave: RP = 2,29; IC 95%: 1,38-3,82); tabagismo frequente (asma ativa: RP = 2,25; IC 95%: 1,64-3,07; AG = 2,41; IC 95%: 1,23-4,73) e tabagismo passivo (asma ativa: RP = 1,47; IC 95%: 1,27-1,67; asma grave: RP = 1,66; IC 95%: 1,19-2,32). As associações permaneceram significativas após ajuste. Conclusão: A asma e o tabagismo se associaram de modo significativo em adolescentes brasileiros independente de fatores sociodemográficos e estilo de vida, especialmente naqueles com doença mais grave.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/etiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Poisson Distribution , Family Characteristics , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Life Style
16.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 2(2): 225-228, abr.jun.2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380831

ABSTRACT

A rinite no pré-escolar configura um grande desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico, tanto para pediatras, como para especialistas. Os poucos dados existentes nesta faixa etária, além da sobreposição dos sintomas também comuns às doenças respiratórias virais, tornam o diagnóstico de rinite extremamente raro e/ou frequentemente ignorado. A melhor compreensão e identificação da rinite nos pré-escolares pode ajudar a melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes, através da instituição do diagnóstico e tratamento corretos. Além disso, o diagnóstico mais precoce, possivelmente possibilitará caracterizar melhor a história natural da rinite, comorbidades, fatores de risco e o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos diferentes fenótipos da rinite ao longo da vida.


Rhinitis in preschool children is a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for both pediatricians and specialists. The diagnosis of rhinitis is extremely rare and/or often ignored in this specific age group, due to the few data available and the overlapping of symptoms common to viral respiratory diseases. A better understanding and identification of rhinitis in preschool children could improve the quality of life of these patients by making diagnosis more accurate and delivering appropriate treatment. In addition, an earlier diagnosis may help better understand the natural history of rhinitis, comorbidities, risk factors and follow-up of different phenotypes throughout life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Quality of Life , Rhinitis , Risk Factors , Signs and Symptoms , Therapeutics , Growth and Development , Diagnosis , Pediatricians , Immunotherapy , Age Groups
17.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 2(1): 108-115, jan.mar.2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380757

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas sobre asma de pediatras que atuavam em serviços públicos hospitalares. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal envolvendo 76 pediatras de quatro hospitais públicos de emergência do município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Foram avaliados o conhecimento global (CGA) e específico sobre asma, além de atitudes e práticas, como frequência de prescrição de ß2-agonistas através de aerossol dosimetrado (AD), encaminhamento ao especialista, uso de espaçadores e do medidor do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE). Resultados: Em relação ao CGA, 73,7% (55/76) da amostra total obteve conceito final insuficiente. Classificação e tratamento da asma alcançaram os percentuais mais baixos de acertos, 23,7% e 14,5% respectivamente. Somente 13,2% dos participantes utilizaram o PFE frequentemente, e a prescrição de ß2-agonistas através de AD foi indicada por apenas 21,9% da amostra, porém esta prática associou-se de modo significativo com o uso frequente de espaçadores (RP = 8,75; IC 95%: 1,07-71,06; p = 0,028) e do PFE (RP = 10,80; IC 95%: 2,31-50,45; p = 0,003). Houve forte associação entre ser alergista/pneumologista pediátrico e CGA suficiente (RP = 8,28; IC 95%: 1,46-46,8; p = 0,015) e uso frequente do PFE (RP = 6,64; IC 95%: 1,22-35,95; p = 0,044). Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento sobre asma dos pediatras que atuavam nos hospitais de emergência avaliados foi insatisfatório. Houve baixa utilização do PFE e subutilização de ß2-agonistas através de AD. A especialização melhorou a compreensão global da doença. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias na educação médica continuada, voltada para asma infantil, nos hospitais públicos do Município do RJ.


Objective: To evaluate asthma knowledge, attitudes and practices among pediatricians working at public hospital services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 76 pediatricians working at four publicly funded municipal emergency hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. Global knowledge on asthma (GKA) as well as specific knowledge, attitudes and practices such as frequency of prescription of inhaled ß2-agonists (in aerosol formulation), when to refer patients to specialists, use of spacers and peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters, were evaluated. Results: Regarding GKA, 73.7% of the sample (55/76) showed an insufficient final score. Asthma classification and treatment reached the lowest percentages of correct answers, with 23.7% and 14.5%, respectively. Only 13.2% of the participants used PEF meters regularly, and only 21.9% prescribed inhaled ß2-agonists; however, the latter practice was significantly associated with the use of spacers (PR = 8.75, 95%CI 1.07-71.06; p = 0.028) and PEF meters (RP = 10.80, 95%CI 2.31-50.45; p = 0.003). There was a strong association between being a pediatric allergist/ pulmonologist and having sufficient GKA knowledge (PR = 8.28, 95%CI 1.46-46.8; p = 0.015) and using a PEF meter frequently (PR = 6.64, 95%CI 1.22-35.95; p = 0.044). Conclusions: The level of asthma knowledge among pediatricians working at the emergency hospitals evaluated was unsatisfactory. There was a low frequency of use of PEF meters and also underuse of inhaled ß2-agonists. Being a specialist improved the global understanding of the illness. These results reinforce the need for continued medical education strategies focused on childhood asthma at public emergency hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Knowledge , Pediatricians , Hospitals, Packaged , Hospitals, Public , Patients , Therapeutics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Strategies , Inhalation Spacers , Flowmeters , Education, Medical, Continuing , Prescriptions
19.
Rev. saúde pública ; 50(supl.1): 13s, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774637

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional, national, school-based study with adolescents from 12 to 17 years old, participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The study stratified the sample by region and grouped according to schools and classes with representativeness to the set of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants of the Country, macro-regions, capitals, and Federal District. A questionnaire collected data through a self-filled in method. We calculated the prevalences and their confidence intervals of 95% (95%CI) according to sex, age group, type of school and skin color. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2014, 74,589 adolescents were evaluated, 55.3% of the female sex. The total prevalence of active asthma was of 13.1% (95%CI 12.1-13.9), being higher in girls (14.8%; 95%CI 13.7-16.0) when compared to boys (11.2%; 95%CI 10.3-12.2) in all geographical strata examined. It was also higher between students of private schools (15.9%; 95%CI 14.2-17.7) when compared to public ones (12.4%; 95%CI 11.4-13.4). It was higher in the Southeast region (14.5%; 95%CI 12.9-16.1), and in the city of Sao Paulo (16.7%; 95%CI 14.7-18.7). The lowest prevalence was observed in North region (9.7%; 95%CI 9.7-10.5), and in Teresina (6.3%; 95%CI 4.9-7.7). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.2-9.1); higher in the North region (13.5%; 95%CI 12.7-14.2), and in Porto Alegre (19.8%; 95%CI 17.5-22.3). It was lower in the Midwest (6.9%; 95%CI 6.0-7.8), and in Cuiaba (4.8%; 95%CI 3.8-5.9). We found no significant difference in the expression of this rate between the sexes, as well as in other variables evaluated by the study. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma in Brazilian adolescents is high. Rates of active asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma vary widely in different regions and capitals evaluated by the ERICA. These results may assist in the preparation of preventive programs and policies on health and a better understanding of the factors associated with asthma in this age group.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a prevalência de asma ativa e de diagnóstico médico de asma em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, nacional, de base escolar com adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em adolescentes (ERICA). A amostra foi estratificada por região e conglomerada por escolas e turmas com representatividade para o conjunto de municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes do País, macrorregiões, capitais e Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados em questionário autopreenchível. Foram calculadas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) segundo sexo, faixa etária, tipo de escola e cor da pele. RESULTADOS Entre 2013 e 2014 foram avaliados 74.589 adolescentes, 55,3% do sexo feminino. A prevalência total de asma ativa foi 13,1% (IC95% 12,1-13,9), sendo superior nas meninas (14,8%; IC95% 13,7-16,0) em relação aos meninos (11,2%; IC95% 10,3-12,2) em todos estratos geográficos analisados, e também entre os alunos da rede privada (15,9%; IC95% 14,2-17,7) em relação aos de escolas públicas (12,4%; IC95% 11,4-13,4). Foi mais elevada na região Sudeste (14,5%; IC95% 12,9-16,1) e na cidade de São Paulo (16,7%; IC95% 14,7-18,7). A menor prevalência foi observada na região Norte (9,7%; IC95% 9,7-10,5) e em Teresina (6,3%; IC95% 4,9-7,7). A prevalência de diagnóstico médico de asma foi 8,7% (IC95% 8,2-9,1); mais elevada na região Norte (13,5%; IC95% 12,7-14,2) e em Porto Alegre (19,8%; IC95% 17,5-22,3) e mais baixa no Centro-Oeste (6,9%; IC95% 6,0-7,8) e em Cuiabá (4,8%; IC95% 3,8-5,9). Não ocorreu diferença significativa na expressão desta taxa entre os sexos, assim como nas outras variáveis avaliadas pelo estudo. CONCLUSÕES A prevalência de asma em adolescentes brasileiros é alta. As taxas de asma ativa e de diagnóstico médico variam amplamente nas diferentes regiões e capitais avaliadas pelo ERICA. Estes resultados poderão auxiliar na elaboração de programas preventivos e de políticas de saúde e no melhor entendimento sobre os fatores associados à asma nessa faixa etária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Students/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Sex Factors , Epidemiologic Methods
20.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(4): 919-926, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-448518

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência, a gravidade e os sintomas associados à asma e sua relação com o gênero em escolares de 13 e 14 anos do Município de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal, no qual se utilizou o questionário escrito auto-aplicável para asma do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Participaram 3.033 escolares de 37 escolas públicas e privadas selecionadas aleatoriamente. A prevalência de sibilância alguma vez na vida foi de 26 por cento e nos últimos 12 meses (asma atual) de 11,7 por cento, sendo essas taxas maiores entre as meninas (razão de prevalência - RP = 1,46; IC95 por cento: 1,31-1,62 e RP =1,72; IC95 por cento: 1,35-2,21, respectivamente). Sintomas associados à gravidade da doença, como distúrbio do sono e limitação da fala por sibilos, também se associaram positivamente com o gênero feminino (RP = 2,57; IC95 por cento:1,77-3,73 e RP = 2,07; IC95 por cento:1,25-3,43). A prevalência da asma mostrou-se menor quando comparada com as de outras cidades brasileiras, porém ainda é alta entre adolescentes de Nova Iguaçu, sendo mais freqüente e mais grave no gênero feminino. Outros estudos são necessários para explicar tais diferenças.


This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of asthma and related symptoms and the associations with gender in 13-14-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The cross-sectional study used the self-applied International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The sample included 3,033 students randomly selected from 37 public and private schools. Prevalence of "any history of wheezing" was 26 percent, as compared to 11.7 percent within the last 12 months ("current asthma"), and was higher among girls (PR = 1.46; 95 percentCI: 1.31-1.62 and PR = 1.72; 95 percentCI: 1.35-2.21). Symptoms associated with severity, like "sleep disorders" and "speech limited by wheezing" were associated with female gender (PR = 2.57; 95 percentCI: 1.77-3.73 and PR = 2.07; 95 percentCI: 1.25-3.43). Although asthma prevalence was lower than in other Brazilian cities, it was still high among schoolchildren in Nova Iguaçu, and was more frequent and severe among girls. Further research is needed to explain the observed differences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Students , Brazil/epidemiology , Demography , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index
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